Extracurricular Participation And Academic Outcomes

Fredricks, J. (2012). Extracurricular Participation and Academic Outcomes: Testing the Over- Scheduling Hypothesis. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 41(3), 295-306. Jennifer A. Fredricks uses research from various studies to develop her own model of testing her over scheduling hypothesis. The author uses relevant resources that support and don’t support her hypothesis. Her main criteria in testing this hypothesis is breadth, and intensity, the author test her hypothesis of low to moderate levels of extra-curricular participation will display a positive increase in academic achievement, while high levels will begin to show a negative impact on academic achievement levels. Her data was accrued from a wide variety of data obtained in part from over 750 schools and 15, 000 tenth grade students. Although the sample is racially diverse, it still included over forty percent Caucasian Americans. The results concluded, after six years and three different surveys of the original sample that the hypothesis was proven accurate. Rating: 3. The author’s results are clearly biased because her sample was geared towards the majority of white individuals with a higher socioeconomic status. Additionally, she handpicked the school district’s she wished to obtain data from instead of using a random sample. Gatz, M., Messner, M., Ball-Rokeach, S. (2002). Paradoxes of youth and sport (p. 277). Albany: State University of New York. This book investigates various debates from manyShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Athletic Participation On Academic Performance1571 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the literature review was to determined the effects of athletic participation on academic performance and if there were differences between the male and female athletes of the Mennonite High School. In order to determine whether participating in sporting events have an impact on the student’s academic performance, the researcher collected existing data during the sport season period, there the participants’ assessment grades (AG) were calculated. These scores were compared with theRead MoreBenefits And Costs Of Extracurricular Activities Essay826 Words   |  4 Pagesschool participate in some type of extracurricular activities (Gardner, Roth and Brooks-Gunn, 2006). Extracurricula r activities can include sports, journalism, drama or theater, art or music, youth groups, student council, and clubs. Today about one in four students participate in academics clubs (Miller Zittleman, 2012). Since extracurricular activities are so popular among students, it is important to understand the pros and cons of engaging in extracurricular activities. The purpose of this literatureRead MoreExtracurricular Activity Aiding Positive Development1501 Words   |  7 PagesBettering Students’ Lives: Extracurricular Activity Aiding in Positive Development More than half of American teenagers that attend school participate in some sort of organized activity (Gardner, Roth Brooks-Gunn, 2006). A structured organized activity may include athletic teams, school clubs and organizations like student council or drama club, youth groups, and more. Psychologists are becoming more and more interested in how adolescents are spending their leisure time and how it affects theirRead MoreExtracurricular Activities And Academic Success1230 Words   |  5 Pagesthat around eighty percent of students participate in extracurricular activities. Participating in an extracurricular activity involves balance between the activity and academics while gaining positive impacts. Many people do not see or understand the importance of extracurricular activities. Critics might argue that extracurricular activities may harm student academic success, but what they do not realize is the benefits from extracurricular activities. The following argument started when th e questionRead MoreCorrelation Between Extracurricular Activities And Grade Point Averages1350 Words   |  6 Pagestrend of the relationship between extracurricular activities and grade point averages, historical perspectives will be explored. This chapter addresses why grade point averages have become so vital to students’ future success. Association among peer acceptance, positive behaviours, character building, and G.P.A. are also included. Finally, the proven benefits of curricular activities found in recent studies will be described. 2.0.1. LITERATURE REVIEW. Academics are an important part of each student’sRead MoreImportance Of Extracurricular Activities1234 Words   |  5 PagesIt is important for students to take part in extracurricular activities. 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She recalls a memory about a meeting she had. â€Å"Parents of fourth and fifth graders were already putting up moving signs on their front yards ratherRead MoreHow Extracurricular Activities Affect Children s Education1233 Words   |  5 PagesESSAY OUTLINE Introductory Paragraph: General Statement: A common misconception among adults is that extracurricular activities interfere with their children’s education and have no overall benefit, but recent research and studies beg to differ. Claim 1: Students’ should be engaged in extra-curricular activities because it instills in them valuable life skills and character traits needed for a successful future. Claim 2:Students’ should participate in extra-curricular activities as doing so wouldRead MoreExtracurricular Activities Affecting the Academic Performance of Students1674 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Extracurricular Activities affecting the academic performance of students† name of student section schd name of prof date Abstract Extracurricular activities and academics has been related to each other for many reasons but they all revolve around the life of th e average student. Its also been observed that one affects the other when it comes to the growth of the student. Many have their own opinions regarding extracurricular activities whether its better to take an extracurricularRead MoreSmall School And Small Schools1406 Words   |  6 PagesSchool size has a lot to do with how students learn and determining educational outcomes. Schools and education are both very important in todays society because of how much it will impact a persons future. Large schools do have some positives that come along with them, but small schools are much better. There are plenty of reasons why smaller schools are more effective than larger schools. Small schools can provide a strong education for rural students. Smaller schools are mostly in rural areas

Diagnosis Of Is The Autopsy Of Brain Tissue And Finding...

1.4. Diagnosis The only sure way to confirm diagnosis of AD is the autopsy of brain tissue and finding the characteristic gross pathological findings of the disease. But this procedure takes place after the death of the patient. However, diagnosis can be accomplished with high accuracy even when the patient is still alive with a variety of methods (Medline plus, 2010): ï‚ · Careful and detailed clinical examination by experienced and qualified neurologist. ï‚ · Neuropsychological testing, which is necessary for the examination of memory and other cognitive functions such as attention, learning and visuospatial skills. Also, are checked possible disruptions in the activities of daily living. The most common neuropsychological examination which is used is the examination MMSE ( Mini Mental State Examination) which examines with a simple and fast way the orientation, attention, the language and the ability to monitor and applying simple written and verbal instructions. Other examinations are the CDR ( Clinical Dementia Rate) and GDS (Global Deterioration Scale), which are used for the differential diagnosis of AD from other dementias. ï‚ · Blood tests: control of homocysteine, vitamin B12, thyroid function and the genes that mentioned above. ï‚ · Neuroimaging examinations: computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which can visualize cerebral and cortical atrophy. 1.5. Prevention There are various research which show that some factors may reduce the risk of disease suchShow MoreRelatedSocm Study Guide Essay30404 Words   |  122 Pagesthe study of how living organisms p0erform the vital functions. Microscopic Anatomy – study of structures that can not be seen by the naked eye. Cytology – analyzes the internal structure of individual cells. Histology – the study of tissues Gross Anatomy – considers features visible with the unaided eye. Surface Anatomy – refers to the study of general form and superficial markings. Regional anatomy – considers all of the superficial and internal features in a specific region of

Fi 516 Mini Case - 1331 Words

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Market Orientation

Question: Write a report that identifies positive and negative aspects of each approach and draws conclusions as to which of the two approaches is the most appropriate for long term business success, explaining your rationale clearly Suggest, using examples, what steps a business may take to adjust its orientation and what challenges this may create? Answer: Introduction This particular study deals with the differentiation of the two concepts of Marketing Orientation and Product Orientation. To establish this distinction, a company has been selected, i.e., Mango that forms the basis of the study. This particular study analyzes the negative aspects and the positive facets of the respective approaches (Brown, Sichtmann and Musante, 2011). It also identifies the most appropriate orientation that is required to attain long-term business success. The paper also gives an insight into the steps that the company should go through in order accommodate and adjust its orientation. It also discusses the challenges faced in the process and what influence does both the concept have on consumer behavior. About the Company Mango is a globally renowned apparel designing and manufacturing company. The company is a successful part of the retail industry around the globe. The company was established in the year 1995. There are around 68 stores of the company situated in UK (Brown et al., 2011). The primary objective of the company is to design and manufacture clothes and accessories in line with the existing fashion trend for the youth of urban locale, especially women. The manufacturer is dependent on the daily and occasional requirements of the targeted consumers. Its head on competitors is Gucci, Giorgio Armani. The mango concept is one of the main pillars of the company's international reputation and business success. Market Orientation In the contemporary marketing scenario, Marketing Orientation is the most commonly used orientation. Keeping an update of the actions taken by the competitors and its impact on the preferences of the customer thus, influencing the purchase behavioral pattern of the consumers. The concept also deals with other exogenous factors and their analysis (Fleisher and Bensoussan, 2015). It is of great importance that all the resources of the company go in the direction of common goals when a company intends to go on a success trail following the marketing orientation. Customer, competition, and inter-functional orientation are the constituents of the marketing orientation. In this orientation, a customer is a main focus. Market orientation engages in the delivery of high quality value to customers by proving innovative, and custom-made products and services that are in direct correlation with the generation of revenues. Another important component of marketing orientation is competitive analy sis via consumer surveys and market research to identify and monitor the strengths and weaknesses of the competitor (Hsu, 2011). Companies driven by market orientation involve into an inter-functional business process that include the development of market communication programs and brand planning. The approach being customer centric is an advantage. The company's basis is addressing the requirements of the target consumers by detailed research to understand the feasibility of the existing offers (Kumar and Shah, 2015). Primary focus on the needs and wants of the customers can turn out to be a huge plus point in the extensive competitive market. It helps to develop the products according to the customer's preference. Thus, this persuasive marketing led to the growth of a customer base and increased sales percentage. An extreme concentration on consumers results in a lack of product differentiation. It is difficult to have product differentiation in marketing orientation since while the company gives its ultimate attention to needs of the customers the competitive organizations develops unique attributes to the products (McDonald and Meldrum, 2013). Another setback for this approach is the lack of predictability. The marketing-oriented companies make advanced product development planning without considering the changes in the desires of the consumers in future. Product Orientation This concept originated due to the concept of capitalism that has led to the growing number of affluent as well as middle-class individuals. Product-oriented organizations are strictly product driven. The implementation of this approach meant that the focus of the company was exclusively and only on delivering the features and functionalities and utility of the product. The driving force of the strategic decisions of such companies is the profit margins of the industry. Product orientation is not an approach of the present age (Munksgaard and Freytag, 2011). In the 19th centuries, companies with product orientation survived due to simultaneous demand and scarcity of supreme quality goods and services for the masses. The focus of the industrial firms used to be on this approach so as to achieve maximum efficiency at a minimum cost. Marketers focusing on this concept lay emphasis on the creation new, improved and superior products with time. However, companies often become engrossed in their product and resultantly neglect the market needs. One of the major advantages of this approach is that the firm gives much attention to the internal qualities of the product. The sole determination is to develop a picture perfect product. Here to a wide range of products the application of technological investment occurs. The best example of this orientation is the creation of Walkman by Sony (Sales Baptista, 2014). It proved to be a huge success even if it is not required back then and it contributed to the development of other listening devices. The economies of scale can happen more easily due to this business model. The company can create the product with the highest level efficiency and in bulk since its focus is specifically directed. Production number would be more at a low price rate. Product-oriented business sees an easy outsourcing of products. Once the product design is finalized, it can be sent over to other factories for production. It is cost effective. The biggest disadvantage of this approach is that it fails to respond to the changing patterns of the market structure. It focuses only on developing a superior range of products, but customers do not always look for what the company has to offer (Sewell, 2014). Thus, this leads to missed opportunities for product-oriented companies. This orientation only emphasizes on the features. However, subjective selling also is an important factor. Narrow branding and obsolescence of technology are also some disadvantages. SWOT Analysis Strength: Mango's major strength is its unique selling point. The products are endorsed by well known celebrities and some mini collections also have their designs. The company is extremely active in terms of developing and implementing online campaigns (Bertelsen, 2012). The assistance in every store of Mango is trained to be personal shoppers. Thus, it can be concluded that is 100% family owned (Zemlickiene and Maditinos, 2012). It has established its presence all over the world in almost every city. Weakness: Mango as a brand lacks competitive advantage as the organization neglects the practices and methods that are being used by its competitors. It has a weak brand image. Leaving online campaigns, the social media platforms are not put to full use that can bring advantages to the company. Opportunity: Mango has India and Africa as the emerging retail markets since they have not reached the saturation point. Growth, sustainability and stability of the brand can be ensured this way. Mango can engage its customers in the process more with the help of social media platforms (Brown et al., 2011). Further factors of the product can are covered without restricting the sales to just clothing. Pushing Mango as a lifestyle brand by developing new selling points like perfumes can work as an opportunity. Threat: the emergence of new fashion designer poses an imminent threat to the brand of Mango. Mango's image is that it is a constant shadow of its head on a competitor that is Zara. Lack of originality and innovation and subjective selling can be a threatening factor. Best suited orientation Both the business modules of product orientation as well as marketing orientation have been previously discussed. The advantages and the disadvantages of the respective approaches have also been spoken. A detailed analysis of the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of the company has been done based on which it can conclude that the marketing orientation is the appropriate approach to be implemented for Mango (McDonald and Meldrum, 2013). The orientation of Mango can be adjusted to marketing orientation by producing products and services based on the existing needs and requirements of the market. The company also needs to be well aware of what methods and practices its competitors are putting into use. It would give a cutting edge to the company in the market and thus lead to competitive advantage. Another way to shift the approach to marketing oriented can be by greater use of social media platforms and engaging the targeted customers in the process through social networking sites. Influence on consumer behavior The shift in the orientation of the company is of much importance. Mango is seen to be negligent towards its competitors and the practices and strategies that they put to use. It leads to be a weakness for the brand and percentage of sales because Mango as a company is not matching up with the market demands (Miller, 2014). It in turn leaves a bad impression on the consumers, and they chose to buy from the better alternatives. However, a shift in the viewpoint would attract more consumers when the company keeps the market needs in priority and thus, a loyal customer base is formed. Conclusion This particular paper explains the differences between the concepts of product and marketing orientation. It has been done by linking it to Mango which is apparel, manufacturer. It defines the pros and cons of both product and marketing orientation. Through a SWOT analysis, a conclusion has been drawn that the company needs to shift its business model into marketing orientation. It would lead to increased sales and popularity. Reference List Bertelsen, B. (2012).Everything you need to know about SWOT analysis. [Newmarket, Ont.]: BrainMass Inc. Brown, B., Sichtmann, C. and Musante, M. (2011). A model of productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ service brand extension success factors in B2B buying contexts.Jnl of Bus Indus Marketing, 26(3), pp.202-210. Chowdhury, R. (2012). Book Review: Business to Business Marketing.Global Business Review, 13(2), pp.353-355. Fleisher, C. and Bensoussan, B. (2015).Business and competitive analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education. Hsu, Y. (2011). Design innovation and marketing strategy in successful product competition.Jnl of Bus Indus Marketing, 26(4), pp.223-236. Kumar, V. and Shah, D. (2015).Handbook of research on customer equity in marketing. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. McDonald, M. and Meldrum, M. (2013).The complete marketer. Philadelphia, PA: Kogan Page Ltd. Miller, R. (2014).Consumer behavior 2015. [Place of publication not identified]: Richard K Miller Assoc. Munksgaard, K. and Freytag, P. (2011). Complementor involvement in product development.Jnl of Bus Indus Marketing, 26(4), pp.286-298. Sales Baptista, C. (2014). Product importance and complexity as determinants of adaptation processes in business relationships.Jnl of Bus Indus Marketing, 29(1), pp.75-87. Sewell, J. (2014).Marketing and Marketing Assessment (RLE Marketing). Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Zemlickiene, V. and Maditinos, D. (2012). Marketing Strategy Formulation for Innovative Product Development Process.Business: Theory and Practice, 13(4), pp.365-374.